Urinary system.  The urinary system is made up of two kidneys; two ureters, which are thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder; the bladder, which stores urine; two sphincter muscles that prevent urine from leaking; nerves in the bladder; and the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine outside the body. The kidneys not only remove liquid waste from the blood, but also regulate electrolytes, or minerals; secrete hormones that control blood pressure; stimulate red blood cell production; and help maintain calcium balance.

False.  The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs, located just below the ribcage on either side of the spine. They help filter your blood by removing waste and excess fluids, but they do much more. The kidneys help maintain the balance of electrolytes in the body. In addition, hormones produced by the kidney help regulate your blood pressure, make red blood cells and help keep your bones strong.

High blood pressure (hypertension) and Uncontrolled diabetes can damage the kidneys’ small blood vessels so they are unable to filter blood. This can eventually cause kidney failure. Uncontrolled diabetes means high blood sugar over long periods of time. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the leading causes of kidney disease. The most common reason for a kidney transplant is the long-term effects of uncontrolled diabetes.

Polycystic kidney disease.  A type of kidney disease that is genetic, or inherited, is polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Polycystic means “many cysts,” and this disorder is characterized by cysts in both kidneys (bilateral renal cysts). These cysts can grow and cause the kidneys to get larger while replacing the normal tissue. This can ultimately result in chronic kidney disease and kidney failure over time.

Protein & Sodium.   According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, people who have decreased function of their kidneys may need to monitor the protein in their diet. Sodium, found in salt, may raise your blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage the kidneys. Talk with your healthcare provider to be sure you’re getting the proper nutrition, as well as making the appropriate changes in your diet to help your kidneys work well.

Nephrologist.  A nephrologist is a physician who specializes in kidney diseases.