- Bernad MW, Mumford J, C Taylor C, Smith B, Murray RM. Comparison of questionnaire and laboratory tests in the detection of excessive drinking and alcoholism. Lancet. 1982;1(8267):325-8.
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
The higher the score the greater the indication of alcohol problems. A total score of 2 or greater is considered clinically significant. A score of 2 points or more was found to have 93% sensitivity and 76% specificity for identifying excessive drinking.