What is Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition where stomach contents flow back (reflux) into the esophagus (food tube) causing troublesome symptoms and/or possible damage to the esophagus. GERD is a chronic disease for which long-term medical therapy is usually effective.
What are the signs and symptoms of GERD?
The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn. Another typical symptom is reflux of fluid into the mouth. Some of the other less common symptoms may include difficulty or pain when swallowing, sensation of food sticking in the esophagus, hoarseness, throat-clearing, chronic sore throat, wheezing, or chronic cough.
What causes GERD?
There is no known single cause of GERD. Reflux occurs when the muscle barrier between the stomach and the esophagus does not work as it should or is somehow overwhelmed.
How is GERD treated?
Treatment of GERD is long-term. The goals are to control or reduce symptoms, heal an injured esophagus, and manage or prevent complications. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medicines, surgery, or a combination of approaches.
Which tests diagnose GERD?
Several tests can be used to diagnose GERD. A barium esophagram is an X-ray used to evaluate structure and function of the esophagus and is indicated when there is difficulty swallowing.